Research
Job Market Paper:
Overstretched: Financial Distress and Intimate Partner Violence in the U.S. [draft here]
with Chiara Santantonio
This study examines the effect of financial distress within households on intimate partner violence in the United States. By leveraging the timing of bank closing days and fixed wage payment schedules, we identify months when households have to stretch their finances due to changes in their regular payment schedules. Using monthly records from the National Crime Victimization Survey, we find that these shocks increase the likelihood of women experiencing IPV. We further corroborate the assumption of worsened financial conditions during these periods by documenting changes in household behavior in terms of expenditures and time use. Using Consumer Expenditure Survey (CEX) data, we show that households reduce their expenditures on food and leisure during periods of financial stretch. Additionally, using American Time Use Survey (ATUS) data, we find an increase in time devoted to consumption research. We also observe that spouses spend more time together, particularly with their children, during these periods.
Presented at (* by co-author): 2nd Naples School of Economics and Finance PhD and Post-Doctoral Workshop, EALE 2024, AEC 2024, Universitat de Barcelona, Violence against Women Workshop at University of Warwick, Giessen University, EDP Jamboree at PSE, LUISS University* , University of Bath*, Stockholm SITE Workshop for Women in Political Economics*, 2023 European Winter Meeting of the Econometric Society*, Warwick-St Andrews Workshop for Women in Political Economics*, 1st International Conference of the Georgian Economic Association*.
Working Papers:
Don’t Stick a Spoon in Marital Disputes? Sentencing Severity and Domestic Violence
with Rui Costa, Beatriz Ribeiro & Matteo Sandi.
We estimate the impact of sentencing severity on the dynamics of domestic violence. The study uses ten years of merged individual-level administrative registers on domestic violence cases brought to the police and family linkages for Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). Leveraging Brazil’s “Lei do Feminicidio”, which was implemented in March 2015 to include the crime of “femicide” in the Brazilian penal law, we find that sentencing severity significantly affects the behavior of both offenders and victims of domestic violence. While the policy change seemingly deterred potential offenders by reducing the incidence of domestic violence, victims of domestic violence became more likely to ask for protective measures and more reluctant to press charges against their abusive partners, as a framework of compensating mechanisms would predict. For a policymaker seeking to design effective sentences to combat domestic violence, the tension between these outcomes appears critical.
Presented at (* by co-author): EDP Jamboree at Pompeu Fabra University, Workshop on Public Policies at UB, XV Transatlantic Workshop on the Economics of Crime, 39th AIEL Conference*, "Crime Before Christmas" Annual Workshop at Bocconi University*.
Gender Differences in Time Use and Effects on Achievement: Evidence from Children
In this paper, I analyze how off-school time use shapes children’s academic achievement using a unique dataset on Turkish children aged 8-12. With a rich set of variables, such as cognitive and non-cognitive characteristics of children, parenting styles, and teaching styles, I establish significant gender differences in off-school time allocation, with girls spending more time on chores and study and less on play. Then, I estimate an education production function with time-use variables as inputs. An extra hour spent on house chores is associated with a significant reduction in both math (0.042sd) and verbal test scores (0.025sd). These numbers are instead 0.027sd and 0.03sd for an extra hour of playtime. I also document a gender math gap favoring boys of 0.171 sd. This gap is likely due to different uses of time and different returns to playtime across genders.
Gender Quotas in Municipal Executives: Reallocating Public Spending in Italy
with Flavia Cavallini and Alice Dominici
This study investigates the effect of increasing female representation in executive positions within local governments on municipal expenditures and the provision of public social services. We leverage a 2014 reform in Italy that mandated 40\% gender quotas in the executive councils of municipalities with more than 3000 inhabitants. Introducing quotas for executives represents a novel and interesting setting, as these figures might have more influence over administration and budgeting than other council members. To isolate the impact of gender quotas from other policies active at the same population cutoff, we employ a difference-in-discontinuities approach. We document that the policy effectively increases female representation in local governments, aligning with its objectives. Our findings reveal that the increase in female executives shifts the composition of expenditures in favor of schools, with the budget share allocated to preschools and schools rising by 23% and 10%, respectively. This indicates that including women in executive roles can influence the allocation of municipal resources.
Presented at (* by co-author): 1st Naples School of Economics and Finance PhD and Post-Doctoral Workshop*.
Work in Progress:
Guns and Violence: the Role of Access, with Chiara Santantonio and Andrea Tizzani.
Fast-Track to Family? The Influence of Shorter Schooling on Family Planning, with Mirjam Stockburger.
Fighting Domestic Violence: The Role of Local Monitoring Policies, with Rui Costa, Beatriz Ribeiro & Matteo Sandi.
Demand-Side Discrimination Against Women in Italy, with Paola Profeta.
Discrimination Against Women and the Elderly: Survey Results from Italian Firms, with Paola Profeta.